Black History Fact of the Week

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Harriet Wilson

On September 5, 1859, Harriet Adams Wilson became the first African American woman to publish a novel in English. Her only published work, “Our Nig; Or  Sketches From the Life of A Free Black,” is an autobiographical sketch based on her life as a Black indentured servant in New England.

Very little is known about Wilson, but the information that has been discovered reveals that she may have been born on March 15, 1825 in Milford, NH, to Joshua Green, a Black “hooper of barrels,” and an Irish American, Margaret Ann (or Adams) Smith who was a washerwoman. Her mother abandoned Wilson on the farm of Nehemiah Hayward Jr., where she became an indentured servant. On Oct. 6, 1851, she married Thomas Wilson, who claimed to have escaped the slave South.

However, according to records, Wilson was never enslaved. Harriet later gave birth to a son, George Mason Wilson, who died at the age of seven.

Wilson moved to Boston, where she published her book with the Massachusetts firm of George C. Rand and Avery. She then began lecturing and advocating for children’s education and labor reform. Known in spiritualist circles as “the Colored medium,” she often shared her own life experiences in public arenas, also appearing in local newspapers.

On June 28, 1900, she died in Quincy, Mass.

In her memory and honor, on November 5, 2006, the Harriet E. Wilson full-size bronze memorial statue was unveiled in Milford, making it the first statute in the state’s history to honor a person of color.

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